Por la psicopatología hacia Dios: psiquiatría y saber de salvación durante el primer franquismo / Christian psychopathology: psychiatry and knowledge for the sake of salvation in the early years of Francoism

Al finalizar la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el régimen franquista intentó distanciarse de los fascismos derrotados acentuando su carácter católico. El cambio de imagen culminó en 1947 con el establecimiento, mediante la Ley de Sucesión, de España como Estado Católico. Este proceso ocasionó que la ideología nacional-católica se convirtiera en las primeras décadas de la dictadura en la fuerza hegemónica para la transformación de la sociedad española en un sentido antimodernizador. La actividad científica no quedó exenta de esa modulación, fomentándose la creación de una ciencia católica, portadora de valores universales y armonizada con la fe. Los conceptos psiquiátricos elaborados por Juan José López Ibor durante el primer franquismo -la anagogía, el instinto de perfección, la psicagogia y, sobre todo, la timopatía ansiosa y la angustia vital- constituyeron un ejemplo de esa ciencia católica. Se analizan aquí el trasfondo cristiano de dichas nociones, su repercusión científica y la utilidad social que tuvieron para la dictadura. El trabajo subraya como resultados, por un lado, la concepción de esas nociones psiquiátricas clave del primer franquismo como saberes de salvación, esto es, como transmisoras de supuestos valores eternos acordes con la visión del catolicismo dominante por entonces; y, por otro, el funcionamiento de tales nociones como un dispositivo más de la red reguladora diseñada y desplegada por el franquismo para fomentar la sumisión y la resignación de la población (AU)

After World War II came to an end, General Franco's regime attempted to step aside from the defeated fascist states by emphasizing its Catholic character. The change of image culminated in 1947 with the establishment of Spain as a Catholic State by means of the Law of Succession. This process generated the national catholic ideology, which became, during the first decades of the dictatorship, the hegemonic instrument for the transformation of Spanish society in an anti-modernizing way. Scientific activity was not excluded from these changes, and a Catholic science conveying universal values and in harmony with the faith was strongly encouraged. One example of this Catholic science was the psychiatric approach developed by Juan José López Ibor during the first Francoist period, including the concepts of anagogy, the perfection instinct, psychagogy and, above all, anxious thymopathy and life anguish. This paper analyses the Christian background of these notions, their scientific repercussions and their social utility for the dictatorship. This paper emphasizes the consideration of these key notions of Spanish psychiatry during the First Francoism as knowledge of salvation, i.e., as conveyors of assumed eternal values in accordance with the prevailing view of Catholicism. On the other hand, it points to the functioning of these concepts as a part of the regulatory network designed and deployed by Francoism to promote submission and resignation in the Spanish population

Psiquiatría y religión: La Asociación Mundial de Psiquiatría más allá de los límites / Psychiatry and Religion: World Psychiatric Association Beyond Boundaries

Objetivo. Este artículo reflejará la relevancia de las discusiones sobre "Religión y ciencia" para la Asociación Mundial de Psiquiatría (AMP). La reflexión sobre este tema aún no ha comenzado, a pesar de la publicación por parte de la AMP del manual ‘Religion and Psychiatry: Beyond Boundaries’, emprendido por la sección de religión, espiritualidad y psiquiatría de la AMP. Discurso. Siguiendo el modelo propuesto por el filósofo de religión y ética holandés Willem Drees, se enunciarán y discutirán dos afirmaciones: 5. La AMP, representando la psiquiatría mundial, necesita cambiar su posición en relación a la religión y la espiritualidad. Se debe hacer yendo más allá de las constricciones científicas de mente estrecha como las reduccionistas o materialistas.6. La psiquiatría y la religión no deben considerarse adversarias, oponiéndose una a la otra, sino aliadas contra la superstición y el sin sentido. Conclusión. La frontera entre religión (y espiritualidad) y la práctica de la Psiquiatría cada vez es más porosa. Los psiquiatras no pueden esconderse mucho más tiempo detrás del rechazo a las creencias religiosas como patológicas o detrás del cientificismo biomédico en un mundo globalizado de múltiples fes y culturas. En consecuencia, hay una razón importante para enlazar ‘religión y ciencia’ más allá de los viejos conflictos. Esta razón podría ser la persistencia de supersticiones y sinsentidos (religiosas y científicas)(AU)

Objective. This paper will reflect on the significance of the discussions on ‘Religion and Science’ for the World Reflection on this topic has not even started yet despite the publication of a WPA handbook on ‘Religion and Psychiatry: Beyond Boundaries’, started up by the WPA Section of Religion, Spirituality and Psychiatry. Discourse. Following the model proposed by the Dutch philosopher of Religion and Ethics Willem Drees, two statements will be formulated and discussed: 1. The WPA, indeed representing world psychiatry, needs to change its position toward religion and spirituality. It should do so by crossing narrow minded scientific boundaries like reductionist and materialistic boundaries. 2. Psychiatry and religion should not be regarded as opposing adversaries against each other, but as allies against superstition and nonsense. Conclusion. The boundary between religion (and spirituality) and the practice of psychiatry is becoming increasingly porous. No longer can psychiatrists in a multifaith, multi-cultural, globalized world hide behind the dismissal of religious belief as pathological, or behind biomedical scientism. Consequently, there is a far more important reason for engaging in ‘Religion and Science’ than the outdated conflicts. That reason would be the persistence of (religious and scientific) superstition and nonsense(AU)

What more in the name of god? Theologies and theodicies of faith healing.

The recent deaths of two children from parental decisions to rely on faith healing rather than medical treatment raises fundamental questions about the extent and limits of religious liberty in a liberal democratic society. This essay seeks to identify and critically examine three central issues internal to the ethics of religious communities that engage in faith healing regarding children: (1) the various forms of religious and nonreligious justification for faith healing; (2) the moral, institutional, or metaphysical wrong of medical practice from the perspectives of faith-healing communities; (3) the explanation or "theodicy" articulated by the religious community when faith healing does not occur and a child dies. The essay finds that the holding in Prince v. Massachusetts that parents with religious convictions cannot enforce martyrdom on their children presents a guiding principle for medicine and public policy.

Child welfare versus parental autonomy: medical ethics, the law, and faith-based healing.

Over the past three decades more than 200 children have died in the U.S. of treatable illnesses as a result of their parents relying on spiritual healing rather than conventional medical treatment. Thirty-nine states have laws that protect parents from criminal prosecution when their children die as a result of not receiving medical care. As physicians and citizens, we must choose between protecting the welfare of children and maintaining respect for the rights of parents to practice the religion of their choice and to make important decisions for their children. In order to make and defend such choices, it is essential that we as health care professionals understand the history and background of such practices and the legal aspects of previous cases, as well as formulate an ethical construct by which to begin a dialogue with the religious communities and others who share similar beliefs about spiritual healing. In this paper, we provide a framework for these requirements.

Salud y salvación. El acto médico y la fiesta cristiana / Health and salvation. Medical act and the Christian feast

No disponible